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Operating system data is a set of functions that allows a range of software to run effectively on computers. The functions support functions such as memory management, process management, devices management, file systems and security and performance monitoring.

A fundamental function of the OS is to manage CPU time and hardware resources. The OS regulates which programs receive the processor’s complete attention and how they interact with each other in order to avoid interfering with eachother. This includes scheduling processes, determining which applications will run, and ensuring that each program has enough memory to run its own program.

Some operating systems use techniques called paging and segmentation to manage memory. These techniques divide memory into segments that are then allocated to or out of RAM according to the requirement. This increases the amount of RAM available without the need to add new hardware.

Another major function of an operating system is to handle input and output from connected devices such as printers and disk drives. The OS manages communication between the application software and the hardware by installing and managing device drivers. It also creates the device-status table, which contains information about devices that are ready to read or writing, and the number of processes waiting for them.

The operating system also manages long-term, non-volatile storage by using file system on devices such as disks and tapes. It handles access to files and their organization, optimizes storage device use and ensures security and user rights.